Laser regulated mixed-phase TiO 2 for electrochemical overall nitrogen fixation.

Traditional oxide electrocatalytic materials encounter significant challenges associated with sluggish reaction kinetics and formidable energy barriers for NH intermediates formation in electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation. The implementation of phase control emerges as an effective strategy to address these challenges. Herein, leveraging the energy localization of laser, this work achieved precise phase control of TiO ₂ . In the optimized material system, the rutile phase TiO ₂ facilitates nitrogen adsorption, while the anatase phase TiO ₂ provides proton sources and active oxygen species. The synergistic effect of the two phases effectively enhances the electrocatalytic activity for nitrogen reduction and oxidation, with an ammonia yield reaching ∼22.3 μg h ^{- 1} cm ^{- 2} and a nitrate yield reaching ∼60.9 μg h ^{- 1} cm ^{- 2} . Furthermore, a coupled dual-electrode system with mixed-phase titanium dioxide as both the anode and cathode successfully achieved a breakthrough in electrochemical overall nitrogen fixation. This laser precision control strategy for manipulating phase sites lays the groundwork for designing efficient catalysts for energy conversion and even energy storage nanomaterials.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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