A Phosphoramidate Prodrug Platform: One-Pot Amine Functionalization of Kinase Inhibitors with Oligoethylene Glycol for Improved Water-Solubility.

Small molecular kinase inhibitors play a key role in modern cancer therapy. Protein kinases are essential mediators in the growth and progression of cancerous tumors, rendering involved kinases an increasingly important target for therapy. However, kinase inhibitors are almost insoluble in water because of their hydrophobic aromatic nature, often lowering their availability and pharmacological efficacy. Direct drug functionalization with polar groups represents a simple strategy to improve the drug solubility, availability, and performance. Here, we present a strategy to functionalize secondary amines with oligoethylene glycol (OEG) phosphate using a one-pot synthesis in three exemplary kinase inhibiting drugs Ceritinib, Crizotinib, and Palbociclib. These OEG-prodrug conjugates demonstrate superior solubility in water compared to the native drugs, with the solubility increasing up to 190-fold. The kinase inhibition potential is only slightly decreased for the conjugates compared to the native drugs. We further show pH dependent hydrolysis of the OEG-prodrugs which releases the native drug. We observe a slow release at pH 3, while the conjugates remain stable over 96 h under physiological conditions (pH 7.4). Using confocal microscopy, we verify improved cell uptake of the drug-OEG conjugates into the cytoplasm of HeLa cells, further supporting our universal solubility approach.
(© 2024 The Authors. Chemistry - A European Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)