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T cell-mediated Immune response and correlates of inflammation and their relationship with COVID-19 clinical severity: not an intuitive guess.
- Source :
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BMC infectious diseases [BMC Infect Dis] 2024 Jun 20; Vol. 24 (1), pp. 612. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 20. - Publication Year :
- 2024
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Abstract
- Background: Predictors of the outcome of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remain to be fully determined. We evaluated selected viral characteristics and immunological responses that might predict and/or correlate to the clinical outcome of COVID-19.<br />Methods: For individuals developing divergent clinical outcomes, the magnitude and breadth of T cell-mediated responses were measured within 36 h of symptom onset. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) were subjected to in vitro stimulation with SARS-CoV-2-based peptides. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 sequences were generated by metagenome, and HLA typing was performed using Luminex technology.<br />Findings: CD4 <superscript>+</superscript> T cell activation was negatively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 basal viral load in patients with severe COVID-19 (p = 0·043). The overall cellular immune response, as inferred by the IFN-γ signal, was higher at baseline for patients who progressed to mild disease compared to patients who progressed to severe disease (p = 0·0044). Subjects with milder disease developed higher T cell responses for MHC class I and II-restricted peptides (p = 0·033).<br />Interpretation: Mounting specific cellular immune responses in the first days after symptom onset, as inferred by IFN-γ magnitude in the ELISPOT assay, may efficiently favor a positive outcome. In contrast, progression to severe COVID-19 was accompanied by stronger cellular immune responses, higher CD4 + T cell activation, and a higher number of in silico predicted high-affinity class I HLA alleles.<br /> (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Male
Female
Middle Aged
Adult
Inflammation immunology
Aged
Viral Load
Interferon-gamma immunology
Interferon-gamma genetics
Lymphocyte Activation
Leukocytes, Mononuclear immunology
COVID-19 immunology
SARS-CoV-2 immunology
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology
Severity of Illness Index
Immunity, Cellular
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1471-2334
- Volume :
- 24
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- BMC infectious diseases
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38902613
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09490-y