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Vaginitis with purulent vaginal discharge caused by artificial insemination using frozen Histophilus somni-contaminated semen.

Authors :
Immaru M
Ueno Y
Hinago K
Hamada K
Ogawa T
Source :
Veterinary microbiology [Vet Microbiol] 2024 Aug; Vol. 295, pp. 110147. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 06.
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

In April 2020, two cows in Japan, developed reproductive disorders accompanied by vaginitis with purulent discharge within 3 days of artificial insemination (AI) with the same lot of frozen semen. Histophilus somni was isolated from the vaginal swabs of both cows as well as from the same lot of frozen semen used for the AI. This incident marks the first reported case of H. somni infection in cattle through AI. The major outer membrane protein gene sequences and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of the isolates were identical. Moreover, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of 12 frozen semen straws against an H. somni isolate using a disk diffusion test. These straws were sourced from five AI centers and included the same lot of semen used for the AI. Although the composition of semen diluents from individual AI centers is not publicly available, both the same lot of frozen semen used in the AI and other lots produced by the same manufacturer showed lower antimicrobial activity than semen from other manufacturers. These results strongly suggest that the two vaginitis were caused by AI using H. somni-contaminated frozen semen because of insufficient antimicrobial activity to inhibit bacterial growth. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the six antimicrobials recommended for addition to frozen semen in isolates were below the recommended concentrations, suggesting that proper addition could have prevented this incident. This highlights the importance of conducting periodical checks on the antibacterial activity of frozen semen to prevent the transmission of pathogens via AI.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br /> (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1873-2542
Volume :
295
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Veterinary microbiology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
38885549
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110147