Ten things to remember about propensity scores.

Propensity score methods are popular to control for confounding in observational biomedical studies of risk factors or medical treatments. This paper focused on aspects of propensity score methods that often remain undiscussed, including unmeasured confounding, missing data, variable selection, statistical efficiency, estimands, the positivity assumption, and predictive performance of the propensity score model.
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: R.H.H.G. and S.l.C. report no conflicts of interest. O.M.D. is a deputy editor for European Journal of Endocrinology. He was not involved in the review or editorial process for this paper, on which he is listed as an author.
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