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Phylogenetic differences in the morphology and shape of the central sulcus in great apes and humans: implications for the evolution of motor functions.
- Source :
-
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) [Cereb Cortex] 2024 Jun 04; Vol. 34 (6). - Publication Year :
- 2024
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Abstract
- The central sulcus divides the primary motor and somatosensory cortices in many anthropoid primate brains. Differences exist in the surface area and depth of the central sulcus along the dorso-ventral plane in great apes and humans compared to other primate species. Within hominid species, there are variations in the depth and aspect of their hand motor area, or knob, within the precentral gyrus. In this study, we used post-image analyses on magnetic resonance images to characterize the central sulcus shape of humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii). Using these data, we examined the morphological variability of central sulcus in hominids, focusing on the hand region, a significant change in human evolution. We show that the central sulcus shape differs between great ape species, but all show similar variations in the location of their hand knob. However, the prevalence of the knob location along the dorso-ventral plane and lateralization differs between species and the presence of a second ventral motor knob seems to be unique to humans. Humans and orangutans exhibit the most similar and complex central sulcus shapes. However, their similarities may reflect divergent evolutionary processes related to selection for different positional and habitual locomotor functions.<br /> (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Humans
Male
Female
Adult
Hand physiology
Hand anatomy & histology
Young Adult
Pongo pygmaeus anatomy & histology
Pongo pygmaeus physiology
Species Specificity
Pongo abelii anatomy & histology
Pongo abelii physiology
Biological Evolution
Pan troglodytes anatomy & histology
Pan troglodytes physiology
Gorilla gorilla anatomy & histology
Gorilla gorilla physiology
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Phylogeny
Motor Cortex anatomy & histology
Motor Cortex physiology
Motor Cortex diagnostic imaging
Hominidae anatomy & histology
Hominidae physiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1460-2199
- Volume :
- 34
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38869374
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhae232