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Analysis of peripheral lymphocyte subsets and T-cell exhaustion in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
- Source :
-
Tuberkuloz ve toraks [Tuberk Toraks] 2024 Jun; Vol. 72 (2), pp. 152-166. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Introduction: : Immune responses against Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) may be highly complex. It has been suggested that T-cell fatigue develops due to continuous stimulation of T-cells by SARS-CoV-2 in Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). It was aimed to assess peripheral lymphocyte subsets and T-cell exhaustion in various clinical courses of the disease in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.<br />Materials and Methods: This study included 150 patients who were assigned into the "mild-to-moderate disease" group, or "severe disease" group based on their clinical and laboratory characteristics. Peripheral lymphocyte subsets and T-cell exhaustion markers [programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (Tim-3)] were determined in the peripheral blood using flow cytometry.<br />Result: Mean (±SD) age was 53.3 ± 14.5 years, and female to male ratio was 55/95. In the mild-to-moderate disease (MMD) group, 55 patients had pneumonia and 20 patients had COVID-19 without pneumonia. In the severe disease (SD) group, 43 patients had severe pneumoniae and 32 patients were in critical condition. Lymphocyte counts were less than 1.0 x 109/L in 69.3% of the patients in the SD group, and the difference between the MMD group and SD group was statistically significant (p= 0.001). Total T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts were significantly lower in the SD group vs. MMD group (p< 0.001, p< 0.001, p< 0.001, respectively). PD-1 expression by CD8+ and CD4 T+ cells was higher (p= 0.042, p= 0.029, respectively) and Tim-3 expression from CD4 T+ cells was lower (p= 0.000) in the SD group vs. MMD group. Serum IFN-γ levels were not statistically different in the MMD and SD groups (p= 0.2).<br />Conclusions: T-cell counts may be significantly reduced along with an increased expression of the T-cell exhaustion marker PD-1 in severe COVID-19, but Tim-3 expression was not increased in our study patients.
- Subjects :
- Humans
Male
Female
Middle Aged
Adult
Aged
Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 blood
Severity of Illness Index
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor blood
Lymphocyte Subsets immunology
Lymphocyte Count
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology
Flow Cytometry
T-Cell Exhaustion
COVID-19 immunology
COVID-19 blood
COVID-19 complications
SARS-CoV-2 immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2980-3187
- Volume :
- 72
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Tuberkuloz ve toraks
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38869208
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.5578/tt.202402929