Control of ENaC ubiquitination.

Ubiquitination influences the expression of the epithelial Na ⁺ channel (ENaC). We assessed the mechanisms of selective ubiquitination of the mature, cleaved form of γENaC in both native rodent kidneys and Fisher rat thyroid (FRT) cells expressing the channel heterologously. In both models, singly cleaved and fully cleaved γENaCs were strongly ubiquitinated, implying that the second cleavage releasing an inhibitory peptide was not essential for the process. To see whether location of the protein in or near the apical membrane rather than cleavage per se influences ubiquitination, we studied mutants of γENaC in which cleavage sites are abolished. These subunits were ubiquitinated only when coexpressed with α- and βENaC, facilitating trafficking through the Golgi apparatus. To test whether reaching the apical surface is necessary we performed in situ surface biotinylation and measured ENaC ubiquitination in the apical membrane of rat kidney. Ubiquitination of cleaved γENaC was similar in whole kidney and surface fractions, implying that both apical and subapical channels could be modified. In FRT cells, inhibiting clathrin-mediated endocytosis with Dyngo-4a increased both total and ubiquitinated γENaC at the cell surface. Finally, we tested the idea that increased intracellular Na ⁺ could stimulate ubiquitination. Administration of amiloride to block Na ⁺ entry through the channels did not affect ubiquitination of γENaC in either FRT cells or the rat kidney. However, presumed large increases in cellular Na ⁺ produced by monensin in FRT cells or acute Na ⁺ repletion in rats increased ubiquitination and decreased overall ENaC expression. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have explored the mechanisms underlying the ubiquitination of the γ subunit of epithelial Na ⁺ channel (ENaC), a process believed to control channel internalization and degradation. We previously reported that the mature, cleaved form of the subunit is selectively ubiquitinated. Here we show that this specificity arises not from the cleavage state of the protein but from its location in the cell. We also show that under some conditions, increased intracellular Na ⁺ can stimulate ENaC ubiquitination.