Artificial intelligence.

Experts discuss the challenges and opportunities of using artificial intelligence (AI) to study the evolution of cancer cells and their microenvironment, improve diagnosis, predict treatment response, and ensure responsible implementation in the clinic.
Competing Interests: Declaration of interests M.G. received research funding from the NSF, Google, Quanta Computing, Janssen, Moore Foundation, Volkswagen Foundation, and Takeda. These funds have been paid to MIT, and not to M.G. personally. The affiliations of M.G. are: MIT in EECS & IMES; LIDS; CSAIL & JClinic Faculty Member; and CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar at Vector Institute. D.C. is a co-inventor on a patent (US11230599/EP4226944A3) filed by MSKCC on using tumor mutational burden to predict immunotherapy response, which has been licensed to Personal Genome Diagnostics (PGDx). J.T. is a shareholder and co-founder of Ellogon.AI. J.T. is a collaborator of Kaiko.ai, obtaining research funding. F.M. is the co-founder of ModellaAI. Patents around generative AI for medicine and corresponding work conducted in the lab of F.M. have been licensed to ModellaAI. J.N.K. declares consulting services for Owkin, France; DoMore Diagnostics, Norway; Panakeia, UK; Scailyte, Switzerland; Mindpeak, Germany; and MultiplexDx, Slovakia. Furthermore, J.N.K. holds shares in StratifAI GmbH, Germany, has received a research grant by GSK, and has received honoraria by AstraZeneca, Bayer, Eisai, Janssen, MSD, BMS, Roche, Pfizer, and Fresenius. The other authors declare no competing interests.
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