Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and chemical profiles of Ammi visnaga L. and Foeniculum vulgare mill. Essential oils, and ADMET, molecular docking investigation of essential oils major components.

This study determined chemical profiles, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the essential oils (EOs) obtained by A. visnaga aerial parts and F. vulgare fruits. Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-methylbutyl ester (38.8%), linalyl propionate (34.7%) and limonene (8.5%) resulted as main constituents of A. visnaga EO. In F. vulgare EO trans-anethole (76.9%) and fenchone (14.1%) resulted as main components. The two EOs were active against five bacterial strains (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) at different degrees. The MIC values ranged from 5 ± 2 to 10 ± 2 μL/mL except for S. aureus (MIC >20 μL/mL). EOs exhibited inhibitory effect on the formation of biofilm up to 53.56 and 48.04% against E. coli and A. baumannii, respectively and activity against bacterial metabolism against A. baumannii and E. coli, with biofilm-inhibition ranging from 61.73 to 73.55%. The binding affinity of the identified components was estimated by docking them into the binding site of S. aureus gyrase (PDB code 2XCT) and S. aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (PDB code 1JIJ). trans-Anethole and butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-methylbutyl ester showed relatively moderate binding interactions with the amino acid residues of S. aureus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In addition, almost all predicted compounds possess good pharmacokinetic properties with no toxicity, being inactive for cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity and immunotoxicity parameters. The results encourage the use of these EOs as natural antibacterial agents in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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