Chromatin as an old and new anticancer target.

Recent genome-wide analyses identified chromatin modifiers as one of the most frequently mutated classes of genes across all cancers. However, chemotherapies developed for cancers involving DNA damage remain the standard of care for chromatin-deranged malignancies. In this review we address this conundrum by establishing the concept of 'chromatin damage': the non-genetic damage to protein-DNA interactions induced by certain small molecules. We highlight anthracyclines, a class of chemotherapeutic agents ubiquitously applied in oncology, as an example of overlooked chromatin-targeting agents. We discuss our current understanding of this phenomenon and explore emerging chromatin-damaging agents as a basis for further studies to maximize their impact in modern cancer treatment.
Competing Interests: Declaration of interests J.N. has shares in NIHM, a startup aiming to make aclarubicin available to the Western world. K.G. is a coauthor of patents US9108916B2 ‘Carbazole compounds and therapeutic uses of the compounds’, US10434086B2 ‘Combination therapies with curaxins’, and US9169207B2 ‘Curaxins for use in treating carcinogen-induced cancer’.
(Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)