The impact of volatile anesthetics and propofol on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate signaling.

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP ₂ ), as well as other anionic phospholipids, play a pivotal role in various cellular processes, including ion channel regulation, receptor trafficking, and intracellular signaling pathways. The binding of volatile anesthetics and propofol to PIP ₂ leads to alterations in PIP ₂ -mediated signaling causing modulation of ion channels such as ɣ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA _A ) receptors, voltage-gated calcium channels, and potassium channels through various mechanisms. Additionally, the interaction between anionic phospholipids and G protein-coupled receptors plays a critical role in various anesthetic pathways, with these anesthetic-induced changes impacting PIP ₂ levels which cause cascading effects on receptor trafficking, including GABA _A receptor internalization. This comprehensive review of various mechanisms of interaction provides insights into the intricate interplay between PIP ₂ signaling and anesthetic-induced changes, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying anesthesia.
(Published by Elsevier Inc.)