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Actin cytoskeleton differently regulates cell surface organization of GPI-anchored proteins in polarized epithelial cells and fibroblasts.

Authors :
Lebreton S
Paladino S
Lelek M
Tramier M
Zimmer C
Zurzolo C
Source :
Frontiers in molecular biosciences [Front Mol Biosci] 2024 May 07; Vol. 11, pp. 1360142. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 07 (Print Publication: 2024).
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

The spatiotemporal compartmentalization of membrane-associated glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) on the cell surface regulates their biological activities. These GPI-APs occupy distinct cellular functions such as enzymes, receptors, and adhesion molecules, and they are implicated in several vital cellular processes. Thus, unraveling the mechanisms and regulators of their membrane organization is essential. In polarized epithelial cells, GPI-APs are enriched at the apical surface, where they form small cholesterol-independent homoclusters and larger heteroclusters accommodating multiple GPI-AP species, all confined within areas of approximately 65-70 nm in diameter. Notably, GPI-AP homoclustering occurs in the Golgi apparatus through a cholesterol- and calcium-dependent mechanism that drives their apical sorting. Despite the critical role of Golgi GPI-AP clustering in their cell surface organization and the importance of cholesterol in heterocluster formation, the regulatory mechanisms governing GPI-AP surface organization, particularly in the context of epithelial polarity, remain elusive. Given that the actin cytoskeleton undergoes substantial remodeling during polarity establishment, this study explores whether the actin cytoskeleton regulates the spatiotemporal apical organization of GPI-APs in MDCK cells. Utilizing various imaging techniques (number and brightness, FRET/FLIM, and dSTORM coupled to pair correlation analysis), we demonstrate that the apical organization of GPI-APs, at different scales, does not rely on the actin cytoskeleton, unlike in fibroblastic cells. Interestingly, calcium chelation disrupts the organization of GPI-APs at the apical surface by impairing Golgi GPI-AP clustering, emphasizing the existence of an interplay among Golgi clustering, apical sorting, and surface organization in epithelial cells. In summary, our findings unveil distinct mechanisms regulating the organization of GPI-APs in cell types of different origins, plausibly allowing them to adapt to different external signals and different cellular environments in order to achieve specialized functions.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The authors declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.<br /> (Copyright © 2024 Lebreton, Paladino, Lelek, Tramier, Zimmer and Zurzolo.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2296-889X
Volume :
11
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Frontiers in molecular biosciences
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
38774234
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2024.1360142