Supramolecular trapping of a cationic all-metal σ-aromatic {Bi 4 } ring.

Aromaticity in organic molecules is well defined, but its role in metal-only rings remains controversial. Here we introduce a supramolecular stabilization approach of a cationic {Bi ₄ } rhomboid within the symmetric charge sphere of two bowl-shaped dianionic calix[4]pyrrolato indinates. Crystallographic and spectroscopic characterization, quantum chemical analysis and magnetically induced ring currents indicate σ-aromaticity in the formally tetracationic 16-valence electron [Bi ₄ ] ⁴⁺ ring. Computational screening for other p-block elements identifies the planar rhomboid as the globally preferred structure for 16-valence electron four-atomic clusters. The aromatic [Bi ₄ ] ⁴⁺ is isoelectronic to the [Al ₄ ] ^4- , a motif previously observed as antiaromatic in Li ₃ [Al ₄ ] ^- in the gas phase. Thus, subtle factors such as charge isotropy seem to decide over aromaticity or antiaromaticity, advising for caution in debates based on the Hückel model-a concept valid for second-row elements but less deterministic for the heavier congeners.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)