Global prevalence and incidence of Young Onset Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: There is a lack of enough evidence regarding the epidemiology of Young-onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD) which is needed by clinicians and healthcare policymakers.
Aim: Herein, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to estimate the global prevalence and incidence rates of YOPD.
Methods: We searched the literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in May 2022. We included retrospective, prospective, cross-sectional observational population-based studies that reported the prevalence or incidence of PD in individuals younger than 40 years with known diagnostic criteria.
Results: After two-step screening, 50 studies were eligible to be included in our study. The age-standardized prevalence of YOPD was 10.2 per 100,000 persons globally while it was 14.7 per 100,000 population in European countries. Age-standardized prevalence estimates for 5-year age bands showed that the YOPD prevalence estimates varied from 6.1 per 100,000 population in the group aged 20-24 to 16.1 per 100,000 population in the group aged 35-39. Also, the age-standardized incidence of YOPD was 1.3 per 100,000 person-years population worldwide and 1.2 per 100,000 person-years in the European population.
Conclusion: Based on this systematic review and meta-analysis, the overall prevalence of YOPD is 10.2 per 100,000 population, although estimates of the prevalence and incidence in low-income countries remain scarce. To improve monitoring and certain diagnoses of YOPD, healthcare providers and policymakers should be aware that much more effective tools are required.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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