Calcium signaling crosstalk between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, a new drug development strategies of kidney diseases.

Calcium (Ca ²⁺ ) acts as a second messenger and constitutes a complex and large information exchange system between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria; this process is involved in various life activities, such as energy metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Increasing evidence has suggested that alterations in Ca ²⁺ crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria, including alterations in ER and mitochondrial Ca ²⁺ channels and related Ca ²⁺ regulatory proteins, such as sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca ²⁺ -ATPase (SERCA), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and calnexin (CNX), are closely associated with the development of kidney disease. Therapies targeting intracellular Ca ²⁺ signaling have emerged as an emerging field in the treatment of renal diseases. In this review, we focused on recent advances in Ca ²⁺ signaling, ER and mitochondrial Ca ²⁺ monitoring methods and Ca ²⁺ homeostasis in the development of renal diseases and sought to identify new targets and insights for the treatment of renal diseases by targeting Ca ²⁺ channels or related Ca ²⁺ regulatory proteins.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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