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Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses to Coronaviruses Elicited by SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Vaccination.
- Source :
-
Influenza and other respiratory viruses [Influenza Other Respir Viruses] 2024 May; Vol. 18 (5), pp. e13309. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Background: The newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 possesses shared antigenic epitopes with other human coronaviruses. We investigated if COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection may boost cross-reactive antibodies to other human coronaviruses.<br />Methods: Prevaccination and postvaccination sera from SARS-CoV-2 naïve healthy subjects who received three doses of the mRNA vaccine (BioNTech, BNT) or the inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac, CV) were used to monitor the level of cross-reactive antibodies raised against other human coronaviruses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In comparison, convalescent sera from COVID-19 patients with or without prior vaccination history were also tested. Pseudoparticle neutralization assay was performed to detect neutralization antibody against MERS-CoV.<br />Results: Among SARS-CoV-2 infection-naïve subjects, BNT or CV significantly increased the anti-S2 antibodies against Betacoronaviruses (OC43 and MERS-CoV) but not Alphacoronaviruses (229E). The prevaccination antibody response to the common cold human coronaviruses did not negatively impact the postvaccination antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. Cross-reactive antibodies that binds to the S2 protein of MERS-CoV were similarly detected from the convalescent sera of COVID-19 patients with or without vaccination history. However, these anti-S2 antibodies do not possess neutralizing activity in MERS-CoV pseudoparticle neutralization tests.<br />Conclusions: Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination may potentially modulate population immune landscape against previously exposed or novel human coronaviruses. The findings have implications for future sero-epidemiological studies on MERS-CoV.<br /> (© 2024 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Adult
Male
Female
Vaccination
Middle Aged
Vaccines, Inactivated immunology
Vaccines, Inactivated administration & dosage
Neutralization Tests
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus immunology
Young Adult
mRNA Vaccines immunology
Cross Reactions immunology
Antibodies, Viral immunology
Antibodies, Viral blood
COVID-19 immunology
COVID-19 prevention & control
SARS-CoV-2 immunology
COVID-19 Vaccines immunology
COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage
Antibodies, Neutralizing immunology
Antibodies, Neutralizing blood
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1750-2659
- Volume :
- 18
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Influenza and other respiratory viruses
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38725111
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13309