American Society for Pain Management Nursing and Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association Position Statement: Pain Management at the End of Life.

Fundamental to the quality of life is assisting patients in relieving pain including at the end of life. Compassionate, effective, evidence-based pain care for the dying improves the quality of life for patients and may reduce distress and complicated bereavement in the loved ones witnessing this death. However, efforts designed to mitigate the consequences of the opioid epidemic have seriously compromised pain care at the end of life. This has created an urgent need to focus on the barriers to relief, and solutions necessary to provide safe and effective pain and symptom management in this population. To that end, a committee of experts was convened by the American Society for Pain Management Nursing and the Hospice and Palliative Nursing Association. These experts reviewed the current literature, developed a draft position statement which underwent consecutive revisions. This statement was then endorsed by the respective organizations. Elucidation of barriers to effective pain control in advanced disease allows targeted interventions; including those related to clinical care, education, accessibility, and research. As nurses, we must continuously advocate for humane and dignified care, promoting ethical, effective pain and symptom management at the end of life for all.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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