High CD34-positive cell dose in matched unrelated donor allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is not associated with graft-versus-host disease or mortality.

Background: CD34+ stem cells serve as the primary graft source for allogeneic transplants, with a minimum of 2-4 × 10 ⁶ cells/kg needed for engraftment. There are conflicting data on outcomes at high stem cell doses, with studies limited by few patients receiving doses far above the minimum target.
Study Design and Methods: In this retrospective, single-center study of patients with hematologic malignancies who underwent matched unrelated donor transplants, we assessed outcomes for engraftment, survival, relapse, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) for the highest CD34+ dose quintile (>13 × 10 ⁶ cells/kg, n = 36) compared to the remaining patients (n = 139). Similar analysis was performed correlating T cell dose and outcomes.
Results: There was no difference between the groups in neutrophil engraftment, with a trend toward faster platelet engraftment. There was no significant difference in mortality (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85-1.22), relapse (aRR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.85-1.42), or overall survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis (p = .44). High CD34+ dose was not associated with higher incidence of acute GVHD (aRR = 0.99 grades II-IV, aRR = 1.18 grades III-IV) or chronic GVHD (aRR = 0.87 overall, RR = 1.21 severe). There was limited correlation between CD34+ and T cell dose (R ²  = .073), and there was no significant difference in survival, relapse, or GVHD in the highest T cell dose quintile (n = 33) compared to the remaining quintiles (n = 132).
Discussion: We found no difference in survival, relapse, or GVHD incidence or severity in patients receiving CD34+ doses above prior cutoffs reported in the literature. These data do not support the routine use of graft CD34+ dose reduction.
(© 2024 AABB.)