A simple chemiluminescent method for the quantification of exosomes based on horseradish peroxidase adsorbed on two-dimensional nanomaterials.

The development of simple methods for the isolation and quantification of exosomes in biological samples is important. By using the typical two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, graphene oxide (GO), the present work first studied the interaction of liposomes with the nanocomposites formed by adsorbing HRP on the GO surface and found the presence of liposomes led to the release of HRP from the GO surface to the solution phase triggering the luminol-H ₂ O ₂ chemiluminescence (CL) reaction to emit light. Benefiting from the similarity of exosomes to liposomes in both composition and morphology aspects, the GO-HRP nanocomposites with a mass ratio of 120:1 and 160:1 were employed for the quantitative detection of exosomes in 100-fold diluted serum samples. The whole detection process took about 15 min and as low as 3.2 × 10 ² particles μL ^-1 of exosomes could be sensitively detected. In addition to GO-HRP nanocomposites, the CL responses of other nanocomposites obtained from adsorbing HRP on other 2D nanomaterials such as layered MoS ₂ for exosomes were also tested. MoS ₂ -HRP exhibited similar behavior and the LODs for the detection of exosomes were 5.8 × 10 ² particles μL ^-1 . The proposed assays were a biomarker-independent quantitative method that achieved the quantification of exosomes in serum samples directly without an isolation process.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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