Sulfate: a neglected (but potentially highly relevant) anion.

Authors :: den Bakker E
Smith DEC
Finken MJJ
Wamelink MMC
Salomons GS
van de Kamp JM
Bökenkamp A
Source :: Essays in biochemistry [Essays Biochem] 2024 Apr 19. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 19.
Publication Year :: 2024
Publisher :: Ahead of Print
Abstract: Sulfate is an important anion as sulfonation is essential in modulation of several compounds, such as exogens, polysaccharide chains of proteoglycans, cholesterol or cholesterol derivatives and tyrosine residues of several proteins. Sulfonation requires the presence of both the sulfate donor 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) and a sulfotransferase. Genetic disorders affecting sulfonation, associated with skeletal abnormalities, impaired neurological development and endocrinopathies, demonstrate the importance of sulfate. Yet sulfate is not measured in clinical practice. This review addresses sulfate metabolism and consequences of sulfonation defects, how to measure sulfate and why we should measure sulfate more often.<br /> (© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.)