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Comparison of sequential and mixture injections of opioids and hyperbaric bupivacaine for subarachnoid block for lower segment caesarean section: a randomised controlled study.

Authors :
Moustafa MMI
Ali MS
McCaul C
Abbas MS
Source :
Irish journal of medical science [Ir J Med Sci] 2024 Aug; Vol. 193 (4), pp. 1977-1983. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 11.
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

Introduction: Opioids are commonly added to local anaesthetic for subarachnoid block for caesarean section due to their synergistic effects. The physiochemical characteristics of opioids suggest premixing with hyperbaric bupivacaine may limit their distribution within the CSF. We studied the effect of a separate injection with a combination of bupivacaine, morphine and fentanyl on block characteristics, haemodynamic changes, postoperative pain and patient satisfaction.<br />Method: Following ethical approval and informed consent, a prospective double-blinded randomised controlled trial was performed in a university hospital. A total of 126 patients undergoing caesarean section were randomised to two groups. In group M, the premixed group, patients received 12 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine, 20 mcg of fentanyl and 100 mcg of morphine injected as a single mixture. In group S, the separate injection group, patients received the same drugs in separate injections. Measurements included haemodynamics, block distribution, intra- and postoperative pain, as well as patient satisfaction.<br />Results: Patients in both groups had similar block height, time to maximum sensory block, time to block regression and motor block. However, haemodynamics were different between the groups. The proportion of systolic hypotension episodes was greater in group S [159/1320 (12.05%)] than group M [113/1452 (7.78%)], with P = 0.0002. Moreover, a greater amount of ephedrine was administered in group S than group M, with values 12.09 (8.1) and 9.09 (8.5) mg respectively (P = 0.001). Additionally, postoperative pain, as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), was greater in group M, with a VAS of 4.6 (1.7), vs. group S, which recorded a VAS of 3.8 (2.0) (P = 0.017).<br />Conclusion: Sequential injection of intrathecal opioids and hyperbaric bupivacaine resulted in greater early haemodynamic instability and slightly better postoperative analgesia without any difference in block height or patient satisfaction.<br />Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04403724.<br /> (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1863-4362
Volume :
193
Issue :
4
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Irish journal of medical science
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
38602618
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-024-03682-w