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Potential convergence of olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and COVID-19: The role of neuroinflammation.
- Source :
-
Ageing research reviews [Ageing Res Rev] 2024 Jun; Vol. 97, pp. 102288. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 04. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that affects 7-10 million individuals worldwide. A common early symptom of PD is olfactory dysfunction (OD), and more than 90% of PD patients suffer from OD. Recent studies have highlighted a high incidence of OD in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review investigates the potential convergence of OD in PD and COVID-19, particularly focusing on the mechanisms by which neuroinflammation contributes to OD and neurological events. Starting from our fundamental understanding of the olfactory bulb, we summarize the clinical features of OD and pathological features of the olfactory bulb from clinical cases and autopsy reports in PD patients. We then examine SARS-CoV-2-induced olfactory bulb neuropathology and OD and emphasize the SARS-CoV-2-induced neuroinflammatory cascades potentially leading to PD manifestations. By activating microglia and astrocytes, as well as facilitating the aggregation of α-synuclein, SARS-CoV-2 could contribute to the onset or exacerbation of PD. We also discuss the possible contributions of NF-κB, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the JAK/STAT, p38 MAPK, TLR4, IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 and cGAS-STING signaling pathways. Although olfactory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 may be reversible, it is challenging to restore OD in patients with PD. With the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and the recurrence of infections, we call for continued attention to the intersection between PD and SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially from the perspective of OD.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Authors declare no conflict of interest.<br /> (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Olfactory Bulb physiopathology
Olfactory Bulb virology
Olfactory Bulb pathology
COVID-19 complications
COVID-19 physiopathology
Parkinson Disease physiopathology
Parkinson Disease complications
Neuroinflammatory Diseases etiology
Neuroinflammatory Diseases physiopathology
Neuroinflammatory Diseases immunology
Olfaction Disorders etiology
Olfaction Disorders physiopathology
Olfaction Disorders virology
SARS-CoV-2
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1872-9649
- Volume :
- 97
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Ageing research reviews
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38580172
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2024.102288