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Botulinum Toxin Injections to Manage Sequelae of Peripheral Facial Palsy.
- Source :
-
Toxins [Toxins (Basel)] 2024 Mar 20; Vol. 16 (3). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 20. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Long-standing facial palsy sequelae cause functional, aesthetic, and psychological problems in patients. Botulinum toxin is an effective way to manage them, but no standardized recommendations exist. Through this non-systematic review, we aimed to guide any practitioner willing to master the ins and outs of this activity. We reviewed the existing literature and completed, with our experience as a reference center, different strategies of botulinum toxin injections used in facial palsy patients, including history, physiopathology, facial analysis, dosages, injection sites, and techniques, as well as time intervals between injections. The reader will find all the theorical information needed to best guide injections according to the patient's complaint, which is the most important information to consider.
- Subjects :
- Humans
Face
Disease Progression
Facial Paralysis
Bell Palsy
Botulinum Toxins
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2072-6651
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Toxins
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38535827
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16030161