A review on the new age methodologies for early detection of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

Backgrounds: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) are often diagnosed late, impeding effective treatment; therefore, early detection is imperative. Modern methodologies can serve a pivotal role in fulfilling the crucial need for timely detection and intervention in this context.
Objectives: Evaluate early detection's significance and summarize key technologies (biomarkers, neuroimaging, AI/ML, genetics, digital health) for enhanced diagnostic strategies in AD and PD.
Methods: This study employs a focused descriptive review approach, encompassing analysis of peer-reviewed articles and clinical trials from existing literature, to provide a nuanced exploration of the subject matter.
Findings: This review underscores the efficacy of non-invasive biomarkers, biosensors and emerging promising technologies for advancing early diagnosis of AD and PD.
Conclusion: The landscape of early NDD detection has been reshaped by technology, yet challenges persist, encompassing the domains of validation and ethics. A collaborative effort between medical professionals, researchers and technologists is imperative to effectively address and combat NDDs.
(© 2024 Nordic Association for the Publication of BCPT (former Nordic Pharmacological Society). Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)