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Serum betaine and dimethylglycine in mid-pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.
- Source :
-
Endocrine [Endocrine] 2024 Aug; Vol. 85 (2), pp. 649-659. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 06. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Purpose: To investigate the associations of choline, betaine, dimethylglycine (DMG), L-carnitine, and Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) with the risk of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as well as the markers of glucose homeostasis.<br />Methods: We performed a case-control study including 200 diagnosed GDM cases and 200 controls matched by maternal age (±2 years) and gestational age (±2 weeks). Concentrations of serum metabolites were measured by the high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).<br />Results: Compared to the control group, GDM group had significantly lower serum betaine concentration and betaine/choline ratio, and higher DMG concentration. Furthermore, decreased betaine concentration and betaine/choline ratio, increased DMG concentration showed significant association with the risk of GDM. In addition, serum betaine concentrations were negatively associated with blood glucose levels at 1-h post-glucose load (OGTT-1h), and both betaine and L-carnitine concentrations were positively associated with 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels. Betaine/choline ratio was negatively associated with OGTT-1h and blood glucose levels at 2-h post-glucose load (OGTT-2h) and serum choline concentrations were negatively associated with fasting blood glucose and positively associated with OGTT-2h.<br />Conclusion: Decreased serum betaine concentrations and betaine/choline ratio, and elevated DMG concentrations could be significant risk factors for GDM. Furthermore, betaine may be associated with blood glucose regulation and short-term glycemic fluctuations.<br /> (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Female
Pregnancy
Case-Control Studies
Adult
Carnitine blood
Carnitine analogs & derivatives
Pregnancy Trimester, Second blood
Glucose Tolerance Test
Methylamines blood
Risk Factors
Diabetes, Gestational blood
Diabetes, Gestational epidemiology
Betaine blood
Sarcosine blood
Sarcosine analogs & derivatives
Blood Glucose analysis
Choline blood
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1559-0100
- Volume :
- 85
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Endocrine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38448678
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-024-03732-4