The Impact of Market Factors on Meaningful Use of Electronic Health Records Among Primary Care Providers: Evidence From Florida Using Resource Dependence Theory and Information Uncertainty Perspective.

Background: Using federal funds from the 2009 Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services funded the 2011-2021 Medicaid electronic health record (EHR) incentive programs throughout the country.
Objective: Identify the market factors associated with Meaningful Use (MU) of EHRs after primary care providers (PCPs) enrolled in the Florida-EHR incentives program through Adopting, Improving, or Upgrading (AIU) an EHR technology.
Research Design: Retrospective cohort study using 2011-2018 program records for 8464 Medicaid providers.
Main Outcome: MU achievement after first-year incentives.
Independent Variables: The resource dependence theory and the information uncertainty perspective were used to generate key-independent variables, including the county's rurality, educational attainment, poverty, health maintenance organization penetration, and number of PCPs per capita.
Analytical Approach: All the county rates were converted into 3 dichotomous measures corresponding to high, medium, and low terciles. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were calculated. A generalized hierarchical linear model was used because MU data were clustered at the county level (level 2) and measured at the practice level (level 1).
Results: Overall, 41.9% of Florida Medicaid providers achieved MU after receiving first-year incentives. Rurality was positively associated with MU ( P <0.001). Significant differences in MU achievements were obtained when we compared the "high" terciles with the "low" terciles for poverty rates ( P =0.002), health maintenance organization penetration rates ( P =0.02), and number of PCPs per capita ( P =0.01). These relationships were negative.
Conclusions: Policy makers and health care managers should not ignore the contribution of market factors in EHR adoption.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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