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Unveiling per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance contamination in Chinese paper products and assessing their exposure risk.
- Source :
-
Environment international [Environ Int] 2024 Mar; Vol. 185, pp. 108540. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 28. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- The contamination characteristics, migration patterns and health risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were investigated in 66 Chinese paper products by using target and non-target screening methods. Among 57 target PFASs, 5 and 6 PFASs were found in the hygiene paper products (<LOQ-12.6 ng/g) and stationery paper products (<LOQ-8.8 ng/g), respectively. A total of 25 PFASs were detected in the 39 food contact paper products, with the highest concentration of 1630 ng/g. Suspect and non-target analysis have found 28 PFASs with confidence levels 1-3, 132 certain PFAS compounds (level 4) and 56 homologue groups (level 5), containing newly identified long-chain polyfluorocarboxylic acid (9:3/11:3FTCA, 11:3/13:3FTUCA) and X:2 FTOH-Sulfate. A potential transformation relationship between the detected PFAS was proposed, starting from X:2 FTOH and finally transforming to C <subscript>n</subscript> F <subscript>2n+1</subscript> COOH. Microwave heating can increase the release of PFAS in popcorn bags and convert long-chain PFAS into short-chain ones. The migration experiments indicated that the ethanol in food simulants can increase the migration of PFAS, and short-chain PFAS exhibits a greater migration trend. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values for 6 of 18 paper bowls/plates exceeded the recommendation of 0.63 ng/kg bw/day by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), posing a potential threat to human health.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br /> (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1873-6750
- Volume :
- 185
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Environment international
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38428191
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108540