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Maternal caffeine, coffee and cola drink intake and the risk of gestational diabetes - Kuopio Birth Cohort.
- Source :
-
Primary care diabetes [Prim Care Diabetes] 2024 Jun; Vol. 18 (3), pp. 362-367. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 29. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Aims: Coffee intake is associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes among non-pregnant people. We aimed to investigate the association between caffeine, coffee and cola drink intake in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes (GDM).<br />Methods: Kuopio Birth Cohort (KuBiCo) is a prospective cohort study including pregnant women who were followed at the prenatal clinics in outpatient healthcare centers and gave birth in Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (n=2214). Maternal diet during the first trimester of pregnancy was assessed using a 160-item food frequency questionnaire. GDM was diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test according to the Finnish national guidelines mainly between 24 and 28 gestational weeks.<br />Results: Women with moderate coffee intake in the first trimester were less likely diagnosed with GDM than women without coffee intake in an age-adjusted model (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.76-0.99; p = 0.03), but the association was attenuated in multi-adjusted models (p = 0.11). No association was found between caffeine intake and GDM. One third (32.4%) of pregnant women consumed caffeine over the recommendation (> 200 mg/d). Women who consumed cola drinks more than the median (33.3 mL/d) had an increased risk of GDM (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.02-1.63, p = 0.037) in multi-adjusted model compared to those who consumed less.<br />Conclusions: Caffeine intake during the first trimester of pregnancy was not associated with the risk of GDM but a minor non-significant decrease was seen with moderate coffee intake. Although the average consumption of cola drinks was low in the KuBiCo cohort, higher consumption was associated with an increased risk of GDM. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safe amount of coffee during pregnancy, since the recommended caffeine intake was exceeded in almost half of the coffee drinkers.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors of the article report no conflicts of interest.<br /> (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Female
Pregnancy
Adult
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
Finland epidemiology
Risk Assessment
Odds Ratio
Glucose Tolerance Test
Recommended Dietary Allowances
Protective Factors
Young Adult
Biomarkers blood
Logistic Models
Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Gestational Age
Hospitals, University
Coffee adverse effects
Caffeine adverse effects
Caffeine administration & dosage
Diabetes, Gestational epidemiology
Diabetes, Gestational diagnosis
Carbonated Beverages adverse effects
Pregnancy Trimester, First
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1878-0210
- Volume :
- 18
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Primary care diabetes
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38423827
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2024.02.005