Isolation, identification and osteogenic capability analysis of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different layers of human maxillary sinus membrane.

Aim: To discover the populations of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different layers of human maxillary sinus membrane (hMSM) and evaluate their osteogenic capability.
Materials and Methods: hMSM was isolated into a monolayer using the combined method of physical separation and enzymatic digestion. The localization of MSCs in hMSM was performed by immunohistological staining and other techniques. Lamina propria layer-derived MSCs (LMSCs) and periosteum layer-derived MSCs (PMSCs) from hMSM were expanded using the explant cell culture method and identified by multilineage differentiation assays, colony formation assay, flow cytometry and so on. The biological characteristics of LMSCs and PMSCs were compared using RNA sequencing, reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, transwell assay, western blotting and so forth.
Results: LMSCs and PMSCs from hMSMs were both CD73-, CD90- and CD105-positive, and CD34-, CD45- and HLA-DR-negative. LMSCs and PMSCs were identified as CD171 ⁺ /CD90 ⁺ and CD171 ^- /CD90 ⁺ , respectively. LMSCs displayed stronger proliferation capability than PMSCs, and PMSCs presented stronger osteogenic differentiation capability than LMSCs. Moreover, PMSCs could recruit and promote osteogenic differentiation of LMSCs.
Conclusions: This study identified and isolated two different types of MSCs from hMSMs. Both MSCs served as good potential candidates for bone regeneration.
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