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The nexus among CO 2 emission, health expenditure and economic development in the OECD countries: New insights from a cross-sectional ARDL model.
- Source :
-
Environmental science and pollution research international [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int] 2024 Mar; Vol. 31 (11), pp. 16746-16769. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 07. - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- To find a way to realize sustainable development, this paper applied a cross-sectional ARDL (CS-ARDL) method to explore the interaction between carbon emissions, economic development, and health care expenditure for OECD countries. Firstly, we conduct a cross-sectional test to check whether the data is confronted with this issue. Secondly, we conduct a panel unit root test and cointegration test to confirm whether the ARDL-based method is suitable for our data. Thirdly, we analyze the results and provide possible explanations. Lastly, we conduct a short-term causality test to detect the connection between different variables. The main conclusion of our study includes: 1) Health care is a necessity in OECD countries. 2) Environmental deterioration places a heavy burden on health care expenditure in OECD countries. 3) Health care expenditure of last year negatively affects health care expenditure. 4) There is a short-run causality relationship from CO <subscript>2</subscript> , economic development, and dependency rate of youth to health care expenditure in OECD countries. Related policy proposals are provided according to our analysis of the results.<br /> (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1614-7499
- Volume :
- 31
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Environmental science and pollution research international
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38326679
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32081-y