Degradation of methyl orange using hydrodynamic Cavitation, H 2 O 2 , and photo-catalysis with TiO 2 -Coated glass Fibers: Key operating parameters and synergistic effects.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are eco-friendly, and promising technology for treating dye containing wastewater. This study focuses on investigating the removal of methyl orange (MO), an azo dye, from a synthetic wastewater through the use of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), both independently and in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ), as an external oxidant, as well as photocatalysis (PC) employing catalyst coated on glass fibers tissue (GFT). The examination of various operating parameters, including the pressure drop and the concentration of H ₂ O ₂ , was systematically conducted to optimize the degradation of MO. A per-pass degradation modelwas used to interpret and describe the experimental data. The data revealed that exclusive employment of HC using a vortex-based cavitation device at 1.5 bar pressure drop, resulted in a degradation exceeding 96 % after 100 passes, equivalent to 230 min of treatment (cavitation yield of 3.6 mg/kJ for HC), with a COD mineralization surpassing 12 %. The presence of a small amount of H ₂ O ₂ (0.01 %) significantly reduced the degradation time from 230 min to 36 min (16 passes), achieving a degradation of 99.8 % (cavitation yield of 6.77 mg/kJ for HC) with COD mineralization rate twice as much as HC alone, indicating a synergistic effect of 4.8. The degradation time was further reduced to 21 min by combining HC with PC using TiO ₂ -coated glass fibers and H ₂ O ₂ , (cavitation yield of 11.83 mg/kJ for HC), resulting in an impressive synergistic effect of 9.2 and COD mineralization twice as high as the HC/H ₂ O ₂ system. The results demonstrate that HC based hybrid AOPs can be very effective for treating and mineralizing azo dyes in water.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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