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The Impact of Obesity on Kidney Disease: Observational Cohort Study Analyzing 14,492 Kidney Biopsy Cases.

Authors :
Kim TB
Ahn SY
Oh J
Bae EH
Chin HJ
Kim MG
Jo SK
Cho WY
Oh SW
Source :
Journal of Korean medical science [J Korean Med Sci] 2024 Jan 22; Vol. 39 (3), pp. e12. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 22.
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

Background: The obesity epidemic is associated with the emergence of new kidney diseases including obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) and metabolic syndrome-associated disorders. However, the effects of obesity on prevalence and outcome of biopsy-proven kidney disease are not well known.<br />Methods: We analyzed 14,492 kidney biopsies in 18 hospitals from 1979 to 2018 in Korea. Obesity was defined as a body mass index value of ≥ 30 kg/m².<br />Results: The most common disease was IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in both obese and non-obese participants (33.7% vs. 38.9%). Obesity was associated with a higher risk of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and hypertensive nephropathy (HT-N) (odds ratio [OR], 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-2.17; OR, 1.96, 95% CI, 1.21-3.19) and a lower risk of IgAN (OR, 0.74, 95% CI, 0.62-0.88). During the median follow up of 93.1 ± 88.7 months, obesity increased the risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in patients with IgAN (relative risk [RR], 1.49, 95% CI, 1.01-2.20) and lupus nephritis (LN) (RR, 3.43, 95% CI, 1.36-8.67). Of 947 obese individuals, ORG was detected in 298 (31.5%), and 230 participants had other kidney diseases, most commonly, IgAN (40.9%) followed by diabetic nephropathy (15.2%). Participants with ORG, when combined with other renal diseases, showed higher risks for developing ESKD compared to those with ORG alone (RR, 2.48, 95% CI, 1.09-5.64).<br />Conclusion: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of FSGS and HT-N, and also increase the ESKD risk in IgAN and LN patients. ORG in obese participants may have favorable renal outcomes if it occurs alone without any other renal disease.<br />Competing Interests: The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.<br /> (© 2024 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1598-6357
Volume :
39
Issue :
3
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Journal of Korean medical science
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
38258359
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e12