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Partial substitution of red meat or processed meat with plant-based foods and the risk of colorectal cancer.
- Source :
-
European journal of epidemiology [Eur J Epidemiol] 2024 Apr; Vol. 39 (4), pp. 419-428. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 23. - Publication Year :
- 2024
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Abstract
- Objectives: Shifting from animal-based to plant-based diets could reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. Currently, the impacts of these dietary shifts on CRC risk are ill-defined. Therefore, we examined partial substitutions of red or processed meat with whole grains, vegetables, fruits or a combination of these in relation to CRC risk in Finnish adults.<br />Methods: We pooled five Finnish cohorts, resulting in 43 788 participants aged ≥ 25 years (79% men). Diet was assessed by validated food frequency questionnaires at study enrolment. We modelled partial substitutions of red (100 g/week) or processed meat (50 g/week) with corresponding amounts of plant-based foods. Cohort-specific hazard ratios (HR) for CRC were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models and pooled together using random-effects models. Adjustments included age, sex, energy intake and other relevant confounders.<br />Results: During the median follow-up of 28.8 years, 1124 CRCs were diagnosed. We observed small risk reductions when red meat was substituted with vegetables (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 - 0.99), fruits (0.97, 0.94 - 0.99), or whole grains, vegetables and fruits combined (0.97, 0.95 - 0.99). For processed meat, these substitutions yielded 1% risk reductions. Substituting red or processed meat with whole grains was associated with a decreased CRC risk only in participants with < median whole grain intake (0.92, 0.86 - 0.98; 0.96, 0.93 - 0.99, respectively; p <subscript>interaction</subscript> =0.001).<br />Conclusions: Even small, easily implemented substitutions of red or processed meat with whole grains, vegetables or fruits could lower CRC risk in a population with high meat consumption. These findings broaden our insight into dietary modifications that could foster CRC primary prevention.<br /> (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Male
Female
Middle Aged
Finland epidemiology
Adult
Vegetables
Diet statistics & numerical data
Diet adverse effects
Meat Products adverse effects
Incidence
Aged
Animals
Diet, Vegetarian
Risk Factors
Cohort Studies
Whole Grains
Colorectal Neoplasms epidemiology
Colorectal Neoplasms etiology
Red Meat adverse effects
Fruit
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1573-7284
- Volume :
- 39
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- European journal of epidemiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38253935
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-024-01096-7