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Gut Microbiome Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance After a Single Dose of Oral Azithromycin in Children: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.
- Source :
-
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene [Am J Trop Med Hyg] 2024 Jan 16; Vol. 110 (2), pp. 291-294. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 16 (Print Publication: 2024). - Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Mass antibiotic distribution to preschool children resulted in alterations of the gut microbiome months after distribution. This individually randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated changes in the gut microbiome and resistome in children aged 8 days to 59 months after one dose of oral azithromycin in Burkina Faso. A total of 450 children were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either placebo or azithromycin. Rectal samples were collected at baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 months after randomization and subjected to DNA deep sequencing. Gut microbiome diversity and normalized antimicrobial resistance determinants for different antibiotic classes were evaluated. Azithromycin decreased gut bacterial diversity (Shannon P < 0.0001; inverse Simpson P < 0.001) 2 weeks after treatment relative to placebo. Concurrently, the normalized abundance of macrolide resistance genetic determinants was 243-fold higher (95% CI: 76-fold to 776-fold, P < 0.0001). These alterations did not persist at 6 months, suggesting that disruptions were transient. Furthermore, we were unable to detect resistance changes in other antibiotic classes, indicating that co-resistance with a single course of azithromycin when treated at the individual level was unlikely.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1476-1645
- Volume :
- 110
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38227963
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.23-0651