The antinociceptive and anti-alpha-glucosidase effects of glucosides from Hemiphragma heterophyllum Wall.

Hemiphragma heterophyllum Wall. is commonly used in traditional Yi herbal medicine for treating bellyache and toothache. In the current study, an unreported monoterpene glucoside, ( S )-thymoquinol O -(6- O -oleuropeoyl)- β -d-glucopyranoside ( 1 ), together with 11 known glucosides were obtained from the whole herb of H. heterophyllum . Their structures were determined based on a detailed analysis of spectroscopic data and acid hydrolysis and methanolysis reactions. Bioassay results showed that compounds 1 and 10 at 40 mg/kg exhibited significant antinociceptive activity in the acetic acid-induced writhing model, with inhibitions of 59.80% and 64.07%, respectively. Moreover, five of the isolates showed moderate anti- α -glucosidase activities with IC ₅₀ values ranging from 5.67 to 46.16 μM.