3-Demethyl-2-geranyl-4-prenylbellidifoline, a natural xanthone with diuretic and kidney protective properties.

Objectives: The diuretic and kidney protective effect of the 3-demethyl-2-geranyl-4-prenylbellidifoline (DGP) were evaluated in rats.
Methods: The normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) received, once a day for 7 days, oral treatment with DGP (0.1 mg/kg), hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg), or vehicle (10 ml/kg). Urine, blood, and kidney samples were collected for further analysis.
Key Findings: The urine and Na+ elimination content were significantly higher in the groups that received DGP. Furthermore, a Ca2+-sparing action was detected in the urine of DGP-treated groups, which was consistent with the reduction in calcium oxalate crystal formation. Relevantly, the treatment did not change the parameters examined in the blood. Concerning the renal analyses, DGP treatment recovered the morphological damages of the kidney corpuscle area of SHR. In addition to the differences observed between the NTR and SHR vehicle groups, DGP augmented the amount of reduced glutathione and the activity of glutathione S-transferase GST while reducing the catalase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity and nitrite levels.
Conclusion: Together, this study displayed the prolonged diuretic action of DGP and its natriuretic, Ca2+-sparing, and antiurolytic effects. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of DGP were evidenced in SHR kidneys, opening perspectives for further studies regarding the benefits of this xanthone.
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