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Anti-diarrheal effect of piperine possibly through the interaction with inflammation inducing enzymes: In vivo and in silico studies.
- Source :
-
European journal of pharmacology [Eur J Pharmacol] 2024 Feb 15; Vol. 965, pp. 176289. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 27. - Publication Year :
- 2024
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Abstract
- Piperine is a natural alkaloid that possesses a variety of therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticarcinogenic activities. The present study aims to assess the medicinal benefits of piperine as an anti-diarrheal agent in a chick model by utilizing in vivo and in silico techniques. For this, castor oil was administered orally to 2-day-old chicks to cause diarrhea. Bismuth subsalicylate (10 mg/kg), loperamide (3 mg/kg), and nifedipine (2.5 mg/kg) were used as positive controls, while the vehicle was utilized as a negative control. Two different doses (25 and 50 mg/kg b.w.) of the test sample (piperine) were administered orally, and the highest dose was tested with standards to investigate the synergistic activity of the test sample. In our findings, piperine prolonged the latent period while reducing the number of diarrheal feces in the experimental chicks during the monitoring period (4 h). At higher doses, piperine appears to reduce diarrheal secretion while increasing latency in chicks. Throughout the combined pharmacotherapy, piperine outperformed bismuth subsalicylate and nifedipine in terms of anti-diarrheal effects with loperamide. In molecular docking, piperine exhibited higher binding affinities towards different inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase 1 (-7.9 kcal/mol), cyclooxygenase 2 (-8.4 kcal/mol), nitric oxide synthases (-8.9 kcal/mol), and L-type calcium channel (-8.8 kcal/mol), indicating better interaction of PP with these proteins. In conclusion, piperine showed a potent anti-diarrheal effect in castor oil-induced diarrheal chicks by suppressing the inflammation and calcium ion influx induced by castor oil.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br /> (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Humans
Antidiarrheals pharmacology
Castor Oil adverse effects
Nifedipine
Molecular Docking Simulation
Diarrhea chemically induced
Diarrhea drug therapy
Diarrhea metabolism
Inflammation drug therapy
Loperamide adverse effects
Alkaloids adverse effects
Organometallic Compounds
Piperidines
Benzodioxoles
Salicylates
Polyunsaturated Alkamides
Bismuth
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-0712
- Volume :
- 965
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- European journal of pharmacology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38158111
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176289