Pediatric Research without Parental Permission.

Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The author declares no conflicts of interest. Funded by the Intramural Research Program at the NIH Clinical Center. However, the opinions expressed are the author's own. They do not represent the position or policy of the National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, or the US government. The NIH had no role in the study design, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, the writing of the report, or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.