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The 'pulmonary diseases spectrum' in HIV infected children.
- Source :
-
The Indian journal of tuberculosis [Indian J Tuberc] 2023; Vol. 70 Suppl 1, pp. S49-S58. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 09. - Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- Despite advances in diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive strategies for HIV, pulmonary diseases continue to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children infected with HIV. With effective programs to prevent perinatal HIV-1 transmission to early diagnosis in infants, we have seen a substantial decline in paediatric HIV incidence. Early initiation of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) in all HIV infected children coupled with consistent use of Pneumocystis prophylaxis in all HIV exposed/infected children under 5 years of age has considerably reduced associated infections overall and respiratory infections in particular. In developing countries already burdened with poverty, malnutrition, suboptimal immunization coverage and limited access to health care and treatment, acute and chronic HIV-associated respiratory disease remain a major cause for concern. Prevention of severe respiratory infections in advanced HIV disease among children consists mostly of rapid and optimal HAART initiation & continuation, preventing severe TB disease with BCG and TB preventive treatment, preventing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia with cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and administering age-appropriate vaccinations and catch-up vaccines as per National Immunization schedule.<br />Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The author has none to declare.<br /> (Copyright © 2023 Tuberculosis Association of India. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Infant
Pregnancy
Female
Child
Humans
Child, Preschool
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections diagnosis
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections drug therapy
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections epidemiology
Tuberculosis complications
HIV Infections complications
HIV Infections drug therapy
HIV Infections epidemiology
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis epidemiology
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis prevention & control
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis diagnosis
Respiratory Tract Infections complications
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0019-5707
- Volume :
- 70 Suppl 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Indian journal of tuberculosis
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38110260
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.09.002