Discovery of novel tubulin CBSI ( R )-9k from the indanone scaffold for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

In view of the serious adverse reactions and clinical toxicity of first line therapy 5-fluorouracil and lack of small molecule therapeutics in colorectal cancer chemotherapy, a series of natural scaffold-based 3-arylindanone derivatives (9a-q) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as tubulin polymerization inhibitors targeting the colchicine site. The most potent colchicine binding site inhibitor (CBSI), ( R )-9k , exhibited 14-38 times more dominant anti-proliferative activity against three colon cancer cell lines than 5-fluorouracil. Particularly, ( R )-9k showed higher selectivity against human normal cells compared with 5-fluorouracil and colchicine, and displayed negligible cardiotoxicity through hERG assessment. Furthermore, the binding of ( R )-9k to the colchicine site was strongly supported by EBI competition assay and ( R )-9k inhibited more tubulin polymerization than colchicine. Besides, the mechanism of action and binding modes of ( R )-9k were verified by molecular dynamics simulations and docking. Therefore, ( R )-9k could be regarded as a promising CBSI for colorectal cancer therapy.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest with the contents of the paper.
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