Implementing precision methods in personalizing psychological therapies: Barriers and possible ways forward.

Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Michael Barkham has co-produced outcome measures used in routine outcome monitoring and also jointly published a text on routine outcome monitoring but receives no financial payment for these activities. Christopher G. Beevers has received funding for his research from the National Institutes of Health, Brain and Behavior Foundation, Aiberry Inc., and other private, not-for-profit foundations. He has received income from the Association for Psychological Science for his editorial work and from Orexo, Inc. for serving on a Scientific Advisory Board related to digital therapeutics. Dr. Beevers' financial disclosures have been reviewed and approved by the University of Texas at Austin in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies. Tim Dalgleish has received payment for consultancy work with Princeton Biopartners, Boehringer Ingelheim and Felix Inc. He delivers paid workshops on psychological therapies. He receives royalties for books on affect and psychological disorders. Nicholas C. Jacobson declares the following conflicts of interest. He has edited a book that includes discussion of this topic from which he receives royalties. Additionally, he has accepted paid speaking invitations from various organizations. Dr. Jacobson confirms that these interests do not influence the research, interpretation, or conclusions presented in this manuscript. Daniel R. Karlin is an employee, officer, and shareholder of MindMed; shareholder and director at Sonara Health; trustee at Trudeau Institute; shareholder and consultant to NightWare; consultant to Otsuka, Tempus, Limitless Ventures, Recovery Delivered, and 4YouandMe. Cheri A. Levinson has a financial interest in BeWell and Awaken Digital Solutions. Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces has received consulting fees from Syra Health who had no involvement in the current research. Stephen M. Schueller serves on the Scientific Advisory Board for Headspace for which he receives compensation and has received consulting payments from Boehringer Ingelheim, K Health (Trusst), and Otsuka Pharmaceuticals for unrelated work. Greg J. Siegle receives royalty payments on a patent regarding a vibroacoustic intervention for psychiatric conditions, licensed to Apollo Neurosciences. Wolfgang Lutz and Eva-Lotta Brakemeier initiated and chair the Interest Group "Evidence-Based Personalized Psychotherapy Research (ePePsy)" of the German Psychological Association.