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Comparative Osteogenesis of Three Clinical Bone Graft Materials: An In Vivo Study.

Authors :
Gabriel A
Ravindran S
Cooper LF
Gajendrareddy P
Huang CC
Kang M
Thalji G
Source :
The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants [Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants] 2023 Dec 12; Vol. 38 (6), pp. 1175-1181.
Publication Year :
2023

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate bone regeneration among three different bone graft materials in a rat calvarum model.<br />Materials and Methods: A total of 24 rats had two 5-mm defects placed per calvarial. Rats were divided into four groups: bovine xenograft (XG), demineralized bone matrix (DBM), mineralized bone graft (MBG), and collagen membrane control (CC). Within each group, samples were collected at two time points: 4 weeks (T4) and 8 weeks (T8). Bone regeneration was assessed by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) imaging and was analyzed using MATLAB software. Additionally, the fixed samples were subsequently demineralized for immunohistochemistry and histomorphometry. Slides were mounted and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain as well as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) markers. The numbers of positive cells/area were calculated for each group and analyzed.<br />Results: At 4 weeks, DBM showed low mineral density (7.7%) compared to the control (25.2%), but increased dramatically at 8 weeks (DBM, T8 = 27.6%; CC, T8 = 27.2%). Xenograft material showed an increase in mineral desnity between T4 and T8 (XG, T4 = 25.0%; XG, T8 = 32.3%). MBG remained consistent over the 8-week trial period (MBG, T4 = 30.4%; MBG, T8 = 30.4%). BMP-2 expression was present in cells adherent to all graft materials. RUNX2 expression was also observed in cells adherent to all graft materials, indicating that during the 4- to 8-week healing period, all materials supported osteogenesis.<br />Conclusions: Compared to other materials, the DBM had high osteoinductive properties during the 4- to 8-week time period based on increased mineral content. All materials were associated with immunohistologic evidence of osteogenesis in the rat calvarial defect model.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1942-4434
Volume :
38
Issue :
6
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
38085749
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.11607/ jomi.9836