Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxic Effect of Nigella sativa, Syzygium aromaticum, and Allium cepa Formulation for Use As Antimicrobial Gel or Mouthwash.

Background: Black cumin/ Nigella sativa  is traditionally used for its wide range of medicinal effects. Clove/ Syzygium aromaticum  is well known as a natural antibiotic with antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, and onion/ Allium cepa  for its antibacterial properties. The combination of these extracts can effectively have many therapeutic applications.
Aim: The aim of the present study is to prepare the formulation of  N. sativa, S. aromaticum, A. cepa  and to assess the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effect of the prepared   formulation.
Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial activity was carried out by agar well diffusion method and cytotoxic activity was carried out using the brine shrimp lethality assay method.
Results: The antimicrobial activity showed the zone of inhibition was highest with  Staphylococcus aureus  showing 22 mm of zone of inhibition at 100 µl. The cytotoxicity test showed there are about 90% live nauplii in the lowest concentration at 5 µl.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the combination extract of  N. sativa, S. aromaticum, and A. cepa  could be used as an antimicrobial agent. Further research with pathogenic oral microorganisms can validate this formulation as an antimicrobial gel or mouthwash for various pathologies.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright © 2023, Begum et al.)