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Determination of earthy-musty odors in tap water by gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry with silica solid-phase extraction.
- Source :
-
Heliyon [Heliyon] 2023 Oct 26; Vol. 9 (11), pp. e21580. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 26 (Print Publication: 2023). - Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- This research aimed to develop an effective method for detecting semivolatile earthy-musty odors without using the conventional sample processing equipment used for volatile compounds. The concurrent isolation of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), trans -1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol (geosmin, GSM), 2-isopropyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (IPMP), and 2-isobutyl-3-methoxy pyrazine (IBMP) in tap water was successfully achieved by employing a combination of n-hexane liquid‒liquid extraction (LLE) and silica solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was utilized for the identification of these targets, with the inclusion of borneol (BN) as an internal reference. This robust method was optimized and validated. It was found that the method showed good linearity in the range of 0.5-100 ng/mL and produced good recoveries (84.6 %-103 %) with satisfactory relative standard deviations (1.50 %-10.1 %). The determined limits of detection (LODs) for the group of four substances were found to vary from 0.3 to 0.9 ng/L, whereas the limits of quantitation (LOQs) exhibited variations between 1 and 3 ng/L. The subsequent implementation of this methodology to evaluate the four previously described off-flavor chemicals in tap water resulted in satisfactory results.<br />Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br /> (© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2405-8440
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Heliyon
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 38027601
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21580