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A cost comparison of various hourly-reliable and net-zero hydrogen production pathways in the United States.
- Source :
-
Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2023 Nov 15; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 7391. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 15. - Publication Year :
- 2023
-
Abstract
- Hydrogen (H <subscript>2</subscript> ) as an energy carrier may play a role in various hard-to-abate subsectors, but to maximize emission reductions, supplied hydrogen must be reliable, low-emission, and low-cost. Here, we build a model that enables direct comparison of the cost of producing net-zero, hourly-reliable hydrogen from various pathways. To reach net-zero targets, we assume upstream and residual facility emissions are mitigated using negative emission technologies. For the United States (California, Texas, and New York), model results indicate next-decade hybrid electricity-based solutions are lower cost ($2.02-$2.88/kg) than fossil-based pathways with natural gas leakage greater than 4% ($2.73-$5.94/kg). These results also apply to regions outside of the U.S. with a similar climate and electric grid. However, when omitting the net-zero emission constraint and considering the U.S. regulatory environment, electricity-based production only achieves cost-competitiveness with fossil-based pathways if embodied emissions of electricity inputs are not counted under U.S. Tax Code Section 45V guidance.<br /> (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2041-1723
- Volume :
- 14
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Nature communications
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 37968304
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43137-x