The association between human blood clot analogue computed tomography imaging, composition, contraction, and mechanical characteristics.

Background: Clot composition, contraction, and mechanical properties are likely determinants of endovascular thrombectomy success. A pre-interventional estimation of these properties is hypothesized to aid in selecting the most suitable treatment for different types of thrombi. Here we determined the association between the aforementioned properties and computed tomography (CT) characteristics using human blood clot analogues.
Methods: Clot analogues were prepared from the blood of 4 healthy human donors with 5 red blood cell (RBC) volume suspensions: 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% RBCs. Contraction was measured as the weight of the contracted clots as a percentage of the original suspension. The clots were imaged using CT with and without contrast to quantify clot density and density increase. Unconfined compression was performed to determine the high strain compressive stiffness. The RBC content was analysed using H&E staining.
Results: The 5 RBC suspensions formed only two groups of clots, fibrin-rich (0% RBCs) and RBC-rich (>90% RBCs), as determined by histology. The density of the fibrin-rich clots was significantly lower (31-38HU) compared to the RBC-rich clots (72-89HU), and the density increase of the fibrin-rich clots was significantly higher (82-127HU) compared to the RBC-rich clots (3-17HU). The compressive stiffness of the fibrin-rich clots was higher (178-1624 kPa) than the stiffness of the RBC-rich clots (6-526 kPa). Additionally, the degree of clot contraction was higher for the fibrin-rich clots (89-96%) compared to the RBC-rich clots (11-77%).
Conclusions: CT imaging clearly reflects clot RBC content and seems to be related to the clot contraction and stiffness. CT imaging might be a useful tool in predicting the thrombus characteristics. However, future studies should confirm these findings by analysing clots with intermediate RBC and platelet content.
Competing Interests: I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: AL and HB received research grants from Stryker and Penumbra for stroke research, all paid to the institution. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
(Copyright: © 2023 Cruts et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)