Association between matrix metalloprotease-3 levels and radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A post hoc analysis from a Japanese Phase 3 clinical trial of peficitinib (RAJ4).

Objectives: The current study assesses the utility of matrix metalloprotease-3 (MMP-3) as a biomarker for joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving peficitinib.
Methods: Rheumatoid arthritis patients with inadequate response to methotrexate were randomised to peficitinib 100 mg, peficitinib 150 mg, or placebo, combined with methotrexate, for 52 weeks; patients receiving placebo switched to peficitinib 100/150 mg at Week (W)12/28. This post hoc analysis investigated association between MMP-3 above/below upper limit of normal (ULN) at W12/28 and radiographic progression [modified total Sharp score (mTSS), joint space narrowing score, or erosion score >0.5] at W52 or swollen joint count 66 at W28, stratified by baseline glucocorticoid use and renal function.
Results: MMP-3 levels decreased in both peficitinib-treated groups but more slowly in patients with baseline glucocorticoids and those with radiographic progression at W52. There was no clear correlation between MMP-3 change from baseline (CFB) at W12, CFB in mTSS, joint space narrowing score, or erosion score at W52, or CFB in swollen joint count 66 at W28. More patients with MMP-3 ≤ULN versus >ULN at W12 had radiographic non-progression at W52. MMP-3 normalisation at W12 was significantly associated with mTSS non-progression at W52.
Conclusions: Normalisation of MMP-3 at W12 may be a predictor for subsequent non-progression of joint damage at W52.
(© Japan College of Rheumatology 2023. Published by Oxford University Press.)