First Report of Antibiotic Resistance Markers cfi A and nim Among Bacteroides fragilis Group Strains in Ecuadorian Patients.

In recent years, increasing resistance of Bacteroides fragilis to several antibiotics has been reported in different countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profiles of Bacteroides spp. isolated from clinical samples by phenotypic and molecular methods. A total of 40 nonrepetitive isolates of the B. fragilis group were studied from 2018 to 2019. The species was identified by API 20A system. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by Sensititre anaerobe MIC plate. The presence of the nim and cfiA genes was checked by conventional PCR. The association between genes and insertion sequence (IS) was performed by whole genome sequencing. Eleven isolates were categorized as metronidazole-resistant and only 2 isolates harbored the nim gene. Five isolates were imipenem-resistant, but cfiA gene was detected in two isolates. cfi A gene was closely related to the cfi A-4 allele and associated with IS614B. The nim gene was not related to any nim gene type and was considered a new variant named nim L. IS612 was found upstream of nim L gene. In view of the scarcity of data on B. fragilis , there is a need to surveil antibiotic resistance levels and molecular mechanisms to implement better antimicrobial therapies against this important group of bacteria.