A personalized cortical atlas for functional regions of interest.

Advances in functional MRI (fMRI) allow mapping an individual's brain function in vivo. Task fMRI can localize domain-specific regions of cognitive processing or functional regions of interest (fROIs) within an individual. Moreover, data from resting state (no task) fMRI can be used to define an individual's connectome, which can characterize that individual's functional organization via connectivity-based parcellations. However, can connectivity-based parcellations alone predict an individual's fROIs? Here, we describe an approach to compute individualized rs-fROIs (i.e., regions that correspond to given fROI constructed using only resting state data) for motor control, working memory, high-level vision, and language comprehension. The rs-fROIs were computed and validated using a large sample of young adults ( n = 1,018) with resting state and task fMRI from the Human Connectome Project. First, resting state parcellations were defined across a sequence of resolutions from broadscale to fine-grained networks in a training group of 500 individuals. Second, 21 rs-fROIs were defined from the training group by identifying the rs network that most closely matched task-defined fROIs across all individuals. Third, the selectivity of rs-fROIs was investigated in a training set of the remaining 518 individuals. All computed rs-fROIs were indeed selective for their preferred category. Critically, the rs-fROIs had higher selectivity than probabilistic atlas parcels for nearly all fROIs. In conclusion, we present a potential approach to define selective fROIs on an individual-level circumventing the need for multiple task-based localizers. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We compute individualized resting state parcels that identify an individual's own functional regions of interest (fROIs) for high-level vision, language comprehension, motor control, and working memory, using only their functional connectome. This approach demonstrates a rapid and powerful alternative for finding a large set of fROIs in an individual, using only their unique connectivity pattern, which does not require the costly acquisition of multiple fMRI localizer tasks.